Femoral popliteal bypass surgery is used to treat blocked femoral artery. The femoral artery is the largest artery in the thigh. It supplies oxygen-rich blood to the leg. Blockage is due to plaque buildup or atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis in the leg arteries causes peripheral vascular disease. The same process causes heart disease and stroke.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair is done to treat an aneurysm. An aneurysm is a bulging, weak spot in the aorta that may be at risk for rupturing. In this case, the aneurysm is in part of the aorta that is in the abdomen.

Vascular studies use ultrasound (sound wave) technology to assess the flow of blood in arteries and veins in the arms, legs, and neck.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that uses a large magnet, radio signals, and a computer to make images of organs and tissue in the body. In this case, the heart is imaged. MRI may be used instead of a CT scan when organs or soft tissues are being studied.

Electromyography measures your muscle response or electrical activity in response to a nerve's stimulation of your muscle. The test is used to help detect neuromuscular abnormalities.

A cholecystectomy is surgery to remove your gallbladder.

Chest fluoroscopy is an imaging test that uses X-rays to look at how well your lungs are working. It can also look at other parts of your respiratory tract. Your respiratory tract includes your lungs, nose, throat, trachea, and bronchi.

A colostomy is surgery to create an opening for the colon (large intestine) through the belly (abdomen). Read on to learn why you might need one, what the risks are, and what to expect.

A urine flow test calculates the speed of urine flow over time. It may be used to check how the bladder and sphincter are working. Here's what you need to know about the test.

A sleep study is a number of tests done at the same time during sleep. The tests measure specific sleep characteristics and help to diagnose sleep disorders. Read on to learn what to expect.