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A cerebral arteriogram is a catheter-based exam of the blood vessels in the brain, head, and neck.

A colostomy is an operation that creates an opening for the colon, or large intestine, through the abdomen. A colostomy may be temporary or permanent. It is usually done after bowel surgery or injury.

A cholecystectomy is surgery to remove your gallbladder.

Electromyography measures your muscle response or electrical activity in response to a nerve's stimulation of your muscle. The test is used to help detect neuromuscular abnormalities.

Vascular studies use ultrasound (sound wave) technology to assess the flow of blood in arteries and veins in the arms, legs, and neck.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair is done to treat an aneurysm. An aneurysm is a bulging, weak spot in the aorta that may be at risk for rupturing. In this case, the aneurysm is in part of the aorta that is in the abdomen.

Femoral popliteal bypass surgery is used to treat blocked femoral artery. The femoral artery is the largest artery in the thigh. It supplies oxygen-rich blood to the leg. Blockage is due to plaque buildup or atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis in the leg arteries causes peripheral vascular disease. The same process causes heart disease and stroke.

A muscle biopsy involves removing a small piece of tissue to diagnose disease. The tissue is usually removed using a needle.

Joint aspiration is a procedure to remove fluid from the space around a joint using a needle and syringe. It may be done to relieve swelling, or to obtain fluid for analysis to diagnose a joint disorder or problem.